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+;; Copyright (C) 2002-2004, Yuji Minejima <ggb01164@nifty.ne.jp>
+;; ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
+;;
+;; $Id: printer.lisp,v 1.14 2004/03/01 05:18:11 yuji Exp $
+;; 
+;; Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+;; modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+;; are met:
+;; 
+;;  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+;;    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+;;  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+;;    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+;;    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+;;    distribution.
+;; 
+;; THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+;; "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+;; LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+;; A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+;; OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+;; SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+;; LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+;; DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+;; THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+;; (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+;; OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; Need to load reader.lisp in advance for the function SYNTAX-TYPE.
+;;
+
+;;; printer control variables
+;; number
+(defvar *print-base* 10
+  "The radix in which the printer will print rationals.")
+(defvar *print-radix* nil
+  "If true, print a radix specifier when printing a rational number.")
+
+;; symbol
+(defvar *print-case* :upcase
+  "One of the symbols :upcase, :downcase, or :capitalize.")
+(defvar *print-gensym* t
+  "If true, print `#:' before apparently uninterned symbols.")
+
+;; container
+(defvar *print-array* t                 ; implementation-dependent
+  "If true, arrays are printed in readable #(...), #*, or #nA(...) syntax.")
+(defvar *print-level* nil
+  "Control how many levels deep a nested object will print.")
+(defvar *print-length* nil
+  "Control how many elements at a given level are printed.")
+(defvar *print-circle* nil
+  "If true, detect circularity and sharing in an object being printed.")
+
+;; symbol, string
+(defvar *print-escape* t
+  "If false, escape characters and package prefixes are not output.")
+
+;; readability
+;; *print-readably*
+;; true
+;;   true: *print-escape*, *print-array*, and *print-gensym*
+;;   false: *print-length*, *print-level*, and *print-lines*
+(defvar *print-readably* nil
+  "If true, print objects readably.")
+
+;; layout
+(defvar *print-pretty* t                ; implementation-dependent
+  "If true, the pretty printer is used when printing.")
+;;(defvar *print-pprint-dispatch*
+;;  )
+(defvar *print-lines* nil
+  "Limit on the number of output lines produced when pretty printing.")
+(defvar *print-miser-width* nil         ; implementation-dependent
+  "Switch to a compact style of output whenever the width available for printing a substructure is less than or equal to this many ems when pretty printing.")
+(defvar *print-right-margin* nil
+  "Specify the right margin to use when the pretty printer is making layout decisions.")
+
+(defmacro with-standard-io-syntax (&rest forms)
+  "Bind all reader/printer control vars to the standard values then eval FORMS."
+  `(let ((*package* (find-package "CL-USER"))
+         (*print-array* t)
+         (*print-base* 10)
+         (*print-case* :upcase)
+         (*print-circle* nil)
+         (*print-escape* t)
+         (*print-gensym* t)
+         (*print-length* nil)
+         (*print-level* nil)
+         (*print-lines* nil)
+         (*print-miser-width* nil)
+         ;;(*print-pprint-dispatch* *standard-print-pprint-dispatch*)
+         (*print-pretty* nil)
+         (*print-radix* nil)
+         (*print-readably* t)
+         (*print-right-margin* nil)
+         (*read-base* 10)
+         (*read-default-float-format* 'single-float)
+         (*read-eval* t)
+         (*read-suppress* nil)
+         (*readtable* (copy-readtable nil)))
+    ,@forms))
+
+(defgeneric print-object (object stream))
+
+(defun write (object &key
+	      ((:array *print-array*) *print-array*)
+	      ((:base *print-base*) *print-base*)
+	      ((:case *print-case*) *print-case*)
+	      ((:circle *print-circle*) *print-circle*)
+	      ((:escape *print-escape*) *print-escape*)
+	      ((:gensym *print-gensym*) *print-gensym*)
+	      ((:length *print-length*) *print-length*)
+	      ((:level *print-level*) *print-level*)
+	      ((:lines *print-lines*) *print-lines*)
+	      ((:miser-width *print-miser-width*) *print-miser-width*)
+	      ((:pprint-dispatch *print-pprint-dispatch*)
+	       *print-pprint-dispatch*)
+	      ((:pretty *print-pretty*) *print-pretty*)
+	      ((:radix *print-radix*) *print-radix*)
+	      ((:readably *print-readably*) *print-readably*)
+	      ((:right-margin *print-right-margin*) *print-right-margin*)
+	      (stream *standard-output*))
+  ;; http://www.lispworks.com/reference/HyperSpec/Body/22_ab.htm
+  ;; 22.1.2 Printer Dispatching              
+  ;; The Lisp printer makes its determination of how to print an object as
+  ;; follows: If the value of *print-pretty* is true, printing is controlled
+  ;; by the current pprint dispatch table; see Section 22.2.1.4 (Pretty Print
+  ;; Dispatch Tables).
+  ;; Otherwise (if the value of *print-pretty* is false), the object's 
+  ;; print-object method is used;
+  ;; see Section 22.1.3 (Default Print-Object Methods).
+  (if *print-pretty*
+      (print-object-prettily object stream)
+      (print-object object stream))
+  object)
+
+(defun write-to-string (object &key
+	      ((:array *print-array*) *print-array*)
+	      ((:base *print-base*) *print-base*)
+	      ((:case *print-case*) *print-case*)
+	      ((:circle *print-circle*) *print-circle*)
+	      ((:escape *print-escape*) *print-escape*)
+	      ((:gensym *print-gensym*) *print-gensym*)
+	      ((:length *print-length*) *print-length*)
+	      ((:level *print-level*) *print-level*)
+	      ((:lines *print-lines*) *print-lines*)
+	      ((:miser-width *print-miser-width*) *print-miser-width*)
+	      ((:pprint-dispatch *print-pprint-dispatch*)
+	       *print-pprint-dispatch*)
+	      ((:pretty *print-pretty*) *print-pretty*)
+	      ((:radix *print-radix*) *print-radix*)
+	      ((:readably *print-readably*) *print-readably*)
+	      ((:right-margin *print-right-margin*) *print-right-margin*))
+  (with-output-to-string (stream)
+    (if *print-pretty*
+	(print-object-prettily object stream)
+	(print-object object stream))))
+
+(defun prin1 (object &optional output-stream)
+  (write object :stream output-stream :escape t))
+
+(defun prin1-to-string (object) (write-to-string object :escape t))
+
+(defun princ (object &optional output-stream)
+  (write object :stream output-stream :escape nil :readably nil))
+
+(defun princ-to-string (object)
+  (write-to-string object :escape nil :readably nil))
+
+(defun print (object &optional output-stream)
+  (terpri output-stream)
+  (prin1 object output-stream)
+  (write-char #\Space output-stream)
+  object)
+
+(defun pprint (object &optional output-stream)
+  (terpri output-stream)
+  (write object :stream output-stream :pretty t :escape t)
+  (values))
+
+
+;; function    pprint-dispatch
+;; macro       pprint-logical-block
+;; local macro pprint-pop
+;; local macro pprint-exit-if-list-exhausted
+;; function    pprint-newline
+;; function    pprint-tab
+;; function    pprint-fill, pprint-linear, pprint-tabular
+;; function    pprint-indent
+
+(defun printer-escaping-enabled-p () (or *print-escape* *print-readably*))
+
+(defmethod print-object ((object integer) stream) (print-integer object stream))
+(defun print-integer (integer stream)
+  (let ((chars "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
+	digits)
+    (loop with n = (abs integer)
+	  do (multiple-value-bind (q r) (floor n *print-base*)
+	       (push (char chars r) digits)
+	       (setq n q))
+	  until (zerop n))
+    (when *print-radix*
+      (case *print-base*
+	(2 (write-string "#b" stream))
+	(8 (write-string "#o" stream))
+	(16 (write-string "#x" stream))
+	(10 nil)
+	(t (write-char #\# stream)
+	   (let ((base *print-base*)
+		 (*print-base* 10)
+		 (*print-radix* nil))
+	     (print-integer base stream))
+	   (write-char #\r stream))))
+    (write-string (concatenate 'string
+			       (when (minusp integer) '(#\-))
+			       digits
+			       (when (and *print-radix* (= *print-base* 10))
+				 "."))
+		  stream)
+    integer))
+
+(defmethod print-object ((ratio ratio) stream)
+  ;; http://www.lispworks.com/reference/HyperSpec/Body/v_pr_bas.htm
+  ;; For integers, base ten is indicated by a trailing decimal point instead
+  ;; of a leading radix specifier; for ratios, #10r is used.
+  (if (and *print-radix* (= *print-base* 10))
+      (progn
+        (write-string "#10r" stream)
+        (let ((*print-radix* nil))
+          (print-integer (numerator ratio) stream)))
+      (print-integer (numerator ratio) stream))
+  (write-char #\/ stream)
+  (let ((*print-radix* nil)) (print-integer (denominator ratio) stream))
+  ratio)
+
+(defmethod print-object ((complex complex) stream)
+  (write-string "#C(" stream)
+  (print-object (realpart complex) stream)
+  (write-char #\Space stream)
+  (print-object (imagpart complex) stream)
+  (write-char #\))
+  complex)
+
+
+(defmethod print-object ((character character) stream)
+  (cond
+    ((printer-escaping-enabled-p)
+     (write-string "#\\" stream)
+     (if (and (graphic-char-p character) (not (char= character #\Space)))
+	 (write-char character stream)
+	 (write-string (char-name character) stream)))
+    (t (write-char character stream)))
+  character)
+
+(defun string-invert (str)
+  (cond
+    ((every #'(lambda (c) (or (not (alpha-char-p c)) (upper-case-p c))) str)
+     (map 'string #'char-downcase str))
+    ((every #'(lambda (c) (or (not (alpha-char-p c)) (lower-case-p c))) str)
+     (map 'string #'char-upcase str))
+    (t str)))
+
+(defun make-str (chars)
+  (make-array (length chars) :element-type 'character :initial-contents chars))
+
+(defun print-symbol-as-is (symbol stream)
+  (let ((name (symbol-name symbol)))
+    (ecase (readtable-case *readtable*)
+      (:upcase
+       (write-string
+	(ecase *print-case*
+	  (:upcase name)
+	  (:downcase (map 'string #'char-downcase name))
+	  (:capitalize
+	   (make-str (loop for c across name and prev = nil then c
+			   collecting
+			   (if (and (upper-case-p c) prev (alpha-char-p prev))
+			       (char-downcase c)
+			       c)))))
+	stream))
+      (:downcase
+       (write-string
+	(ecase *print-case*
+	  (:upcase (map 'string #'char-upcase name))
+	  (:downcase name)
+	  (:capitalize
+	   (make-str (loop for c across name and prev = nil then c
+			   collecting
+			   (if (and (lower-case-p c)
+				    (or (null prev) (not (alpha-char-p prev))))
+			       (char-upcase c)
+			       c)))))
+	stream))
+      (:preserve (write-string name stream))
+      (:invert (write-string (string-invert name) stream)))
+    symbol))
+
+(defun print-name-escaping (name stream &key force-escaping)
+  (let ((readtable-case (readtable-case *readtable*)))
+    (if (or force-escaping
+	    (loop with standard-table = (copy-readtable nil)
+	     for c across name
+	     thereis (not (and (eq (syntax-type c standard-table) :constituent)
+			       (eq (syntax-type c) :constituent))))
+	    (notevery #'graphic-char-p name)
+	    (and (eq readtable-case :upcase) (some 'lower-case-p name))
+	    (and (eq readtable-case :downcase) (some 'upper-case-p name)))
+	(let ((escaped (loop for c across name
+			     if (find c '(#\\ #\|)) append (list #\\ c)
+			     else collect c)))
+	  (write-string (concatenate 'string "|" escaped "|") stream))
+	(write-string (case readtable-case
+			((:upcase :downcase)
+			 (ecase *print-case*
+			   (:upcase (string-upcase name))
+			   (:downcase (string-downcase name))
+			   (:capitalize (string-capitalize name))))
+			(:invert
+			 (cond
+			   ((notany #'both-case-p name) name)
+			   ((notany #'upper-case-p name) (string-upcase name))
+			   ((notany #'lower-case-p name) (string-downcase name))
+			   (t name)))
+			(t name))
+		      stream))))
+
+(defun print-symbol-escaping (symbol stream)
+  (let* ((name (symbol-name symbol))
+	 (accessible-p (eq symbol (find-symbol name))))
+    (cond
+      (accessible-p nil)
+      ((symbol-package symbol)
+       (let ((package-name (package-name (symbol-package symbol))))
+	 (unless (string= package-name "KEYWORD")
+	   (print-name-escaping package-name stream))
+	 (multiple-value-bind (symbol status) (find-symbol name package-name)
+	   (declare (ignore symbol))
+	   (write-string (if (eq status :external) ":" "::") stream))))
+      ((or *print-readably* *print-gensym*) (write-string "#:" stream))
+      (t nil))
+    (print-name-escaping
+     name stream
+     :force-escaping (and accessible-p
+			  (every #'(lambda (c) (digit-char-p c *print-base*))
+				 name)))
+    symbol))
+
+(defmethod print-object ((symbol symbol) stream)
+  (funcall (if (printer-escaping-enabled-p)
+	       #'print-symbol-escaping
+	       #'print-symbol-as-is)
+	   symbol
+	   stream))
+
+
+(defvar *shared-object-table* (make-hash-table))
+(defvar *shared-object-label* (make-hash-table))
+(defvar *shared-object-label-counter* 0)
+(defvar *current-print-level* 0)
+
+(defun print-max-level-p ()
+  (and (not *print-readably*)
+       *print-level*
+       (= *current-print-level* *print-level*)))
+(defun print-max-length-p (n)
+  (and (not *print-readably*) *print-length* (= n *print-length*)))
+
+(defun inc-shared-object-reference (object)
+  (if (and (symbolp object) (symbol-package object))
+      0
+      (multiple-value-bind (n present-p) (gethash object *shared-object-table*)
+        (if present-p
+            (progn (when (zerop n)
+                     (setf (gethash object *shared-object-label*)
+                           (incf *shared-object-label-counter*)))
+                   (incf (gethash object *shared-object-table*)))
+            (setf (gethash object *shared-object-table*) 0)))))
+
+(defmethod search-shared-object :around ((object t))
+  (if (zerop *current-print-level*)
+      (progn (setq *shared-object-label* (clrhash *shared-object-label*)
+                   *shared-object-table* (clrhash *shared-object-table*)
+                   *shared-object-label-counter* 0)
+             (inc-shared-object-reference object)
+             (call-next-method object)
+             (maphash #'(lambda (object n)
+                          (if (zerop n)
+                              (remhash object *shared-object-table*)
+                              (setf (gethash object *shared-object-table*)
+                                    0)))
+                      *shared-object-table*))
+      (when (zerop (inc-shared-object-reference object))
+        (call-next-method object))))
+
+(defun search-shared-element (object)
+  (let ((*current-print-level* (1+ *current-print-level*)))
+    (unless (print-max-level-p) (search-shared-object object))))
+
+(defmethod search-shared-object ((object t))) ; do nothing
+(defmethod search-shared-object ((list list))
+  (do ((x list)
+       (l 0 (1+ l)))
+      ((or (print-max-level-p) (print-max-length-p l) (atom x)))
+    (search-shared-element (car x))
+    (setq x (cdr x))
+    (when (plusp (inc-shared-object-reference x))
+      (return))))
+
+(defmethod search-shared-object ((vector vector))
+  (do ((i 0 (1+ i)))
+      ((or (= i (length vector)) (print-max-level-p) (print-max-length-p i)))
+    (search-shared-element (aref vector i))))
+
+(defmethod search-shared-object ((array array))
+  (do ((i 0 (1+ i)))
+      ((or (= i (array-total-size array))
+           (print-max-level-p) (print-max-length-p i)))
+    (search-shared-element (row-major-aref array i))))
+
+(defun print-element (object stream)
+  (let ((*current-print-level* (1+ *current-print-level*)))
+    (multiple-value-bind (n present-p) (gethash object *shared-object-table*)
+      (if (and present-p *print-circle*)
+          (if (zerop n)
+              (progn
+                (print-label object stream)
+                (print-object object stream))
+              (print-reference object stream))
+          (print-object object stream)))))
+
+(defun print-label (object stream)
+  (multiple-value-bind (n present-p) (gethash object *shared-object-label*)
+    (assert present-p)
+    (write-string "#" stream)
+    (let ((*print-base* 10) (*print-radix* nil)) (print-integer n stream))
+    (write-string "=" stream)
+    (incf (gethash object *shared-object-table*))))
+
+(defun print-reference (object stream)
+  (multiple-value-bind (n present-p) (gethash object *shared-object-label*)
+    (assert present-p)
+    (write-string "#" stream)
+    (let ((*print-base* 10) (*print-radix* nil)) (print-integer n stream))
+    (write-string "#" stream)))
+
+(defmethod print-object ((list cons) stream)
+  (when (and *print-circle* (zerop *current-print-level*))
+    (search-shared-object list))
+  (if (print-max-level-p)
+      (write-string "#" stream)
+      (let ((x list)
+            (l 0))
+        (multiple-value-bind (n present-p) (gethash x *shared-object-table*)
+          (when (and (zerop *current-print-level*) present-p *print-circle*)
+            (print-label x stream))
+          (write-string "(" stream)
+          (loop (when (atom x)
+                  (when x
+                    (write-string " . " stream)
+                    (print-element x stream))
+                  (write-string ")" stream)
+                  (return))
+                (when (print-max-length-p l)
+                  (write-string "...)" stream)
+                  (return))
+                (print-element (car x) stream)
+                (setq x (cdr x)
+                      l (1+ l))
+                (when (consp x)
+                  (write-string " " stream)
+                  (multiple-value-setq (n present-p)
+                    (gethash x *shared-object-table*))
+                  (when (and present-p *print-circle*)
+                    (write-string ". " stream)
+                    (if (zerop n)
+                        (print-element x stream)
+                        (print-reference x stream))
+                    (write-string ")" stream)
+                    (return))))))))
+
+(defmethod print-object :around ((array array) stream)
+  (cond
+    ((and (not *print-readably*) (not *print-array*) (not (stringp array)))
+     ;; 22.1.3.4 Printing Strings
+     ;; http://www.lispworks.com/reference/HyperSpec/Body/22_acd.htm
+     ;; The printing of strings is not affected by *print-array*. 
+     (print-unreadable-object (array stream :type t :identity t)))
+    ((and (print-max-level-p) (not (stringp array)) (not (bit-vector-p array)))
+     ;; Variable *PRINT-LEVEL*, *PRINT-LENGTH*
+     ;; http://www.lispworks.com/reference/HyperSpec/Body/v_pr_lev.htm
+     ;; *print-level* and *print-length* affect the printing of
+     ;; an any object printed with a list-like syntax. They do not affect
+     ;; the printing of symbols, strings, and bit vectors.
+     (write-string "#" stream))
+    (t (when (and *print-circle* (zerop *current-print-level*)
+                  (not (stringp array)) (not (bit-vector-p array)))
+         (search-shared-object array)
+         (multiple-value-bind (n present-p)
+             (gethash array *shared-object-table*)
+           (declare (ignore n))
+           (when present-p (print-label array stream))))
+       (call-next-method array stream))))
+
+(defmethod print-object ((vector vector) stream)
+  (let ((l 0)
+        (length (length vector)))
+    (write-string "#(" stream)
+    (loop (when (= l length)
+            (write-string ")" stream)
+            (return))
+          (when (print-max-length-p l)
+            (write-string "...)" stream)
+            (return))
+          (print-element (aref vector l) stream)
+          (setq l (1+ l))
+          (when (< l length) (write-string " " stream)))))
+
+(defmethod print-object ((array array) stream)
+  (let* ((dimensions (array-dimensions array))
+         (indices (make-list (array-rank array) :initial-element 0)))
+    (labels
+        ((p-array (i-list d-list)
+           (cond
+             ((print-max-level-p) (write-string "#" stream))
+             ((null i-list) (print-element (apply #'aref array indices) stream))
+             (t (write-string "(" stream)
+                (do ((i 0 (1+ i)))
+                    ((= i (car d-list)))
+                  (when (plusp i) (write-string " " stream))
+                  (when (print-max-length-p i)
+                    (write-string "..." stream)
+                    (return))
+                  (setf (car i-list) i)
+                  (if (null (cdr i-list))
+                      (print-element (apply #'aref array indices) stream)
+                      (let ((*current-print-level* (1+ *current-print-level*)))
+                        (p-array (cdr i-list) (cdr d-list)))))
+                (write-string ")" stream)))))
+      (write-string "#" stream)
+      (let ((*print-base* 10) (*print-radix* nil))
+        (print-integer (array-rank array) stream))
+      (write-string "A" stream)
+      (p-array indices dimensions))))
+
+(defmethod print-object ((string string) stream)
+  (let ((escape-p (printer-escaping-enabled-p)))
+    (when escape-p (write-char #\" stream))
+    (loop for c across string
+	  if (and escape-p (member c '(#\" #\\))) do (write-char #\\ stream)
+	  do (write-char c stream))
+    (when escape-p (write-char #\" stream))
+    string))
+
+(defmethod print-object ((bit-vector bit-vector) stream)
+  (if (or *print-array* *print-readably*)
+      (progn
+	(write-string "#*" stream)
+	(loop for bit across bit-vector
+	      do (write-char (if (zerop bit) #\0 #\1) stream)))
+      (print-unreadable-object (bit-vector stream :type t :identity t)))
+  bit-vector)
+
+(defmethod print-object ((object t) stream)
+  (print-unreadable-object (object stream :type t :identity t)))
+
+(defun print-object-prettily (object stream)
+  (print-object object stream))
+
+
+
+;; format
+;; (defun format (destination format-control &rest args)
+;;   (apply (if (stringp format-control) (formatter format-control) format-control)
+;; 	    destination args))
+;; 
+;; 
+;; (defmacro formatter (control-string)
+;;   
+;;   )