/* -*- mode: objc; coding: utf-8 -*- */ /* Objective-CL, an Objective-C bridge for Common Lisp. * Copyright (C) 2007 Matthias Andreas Benkard. * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the * License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * Lesser General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public * License along with this program. If not, see * . */ #import "libobjcl.h" #import "NSObject-ObjectiveCLWrapperLink.h" #import "PyObjC/libffi_support.h" #import "JIGS/ObjcRuntimeUtilities.h" #import "Foundation/Foundation.h" #ifdef GNUSTEP #import "GNUstepBase/GSLock.h" #import "GNUstepBase/GSConfig.h" /* #import "GNUstepBase/GSObjCRuntime.h" */ #endif #include #include #include #include #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ #include #endif #if 0 #define TRACE NSLog #else #define TRACE objcl_null_log #endif static void objcl_null_log (NSString *s, ...) { } static NSAutoreleasePool *objcl_autorelease_pool = nil; /* Preallocate an exception to throw when memory is all used up. */ NSException *objcl_oom_exception = nil; id objcl_current_exception = nil; NSRecursiveLock *objcl_current_exception_lock = nil; static NSMutableDictionary *method_lists = nil; static NSMutableDictionary *method_list_lengths = nil; /* A class is considered Lisp-backed if some of its methods are implemented as Lisp callbacks. This is true if and only if @selector(retain) and @selector(release) are overridden by Objective-CL. In this case, the corresponding Lisp objects are stored in a regular hash table instead of a weak one, as they may hold data (like CLOS slots) that we can't do without as long as the Objective-C instance is referenced from anywhere (where `anywhere' includes both the Lisp and Objective-C worlds). */ static NSMutableSet *lisp_backed_classes = nil; static int init_count = 0; static NSProcessInfo *process = nil; void * objcl_memmove (void *dest, void *src, unsigned long length) { return memmove (dest, src, length); } void objcl_initialise_runtime (void) { TRACE (@"Check whether initialisation is pending."); if (init_count <= 0) { TRACE (@"Initialise runtime."); objcl_autorelease_pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; #ifndef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ #if defined(GS_FAKE_MAIN) || defined(GS_PASS_ARGUMENTS) \ || defined(LIB_FOUNDATION_LIBRARY) TRACE (@"Initialise environment."); if (!process) { static char *argv[] = { "objective-cl", 0 }; /* static char *environ[] = { (char *) 0 }; */ extern char **environ; [NSProcessInfo initializeWithArguments: argv count: 1 environment: environ]; process = [NSProcessInfo processInfo]; } #endif #endif TRACE (@"Allocate exceptions."); objcl_oom_exception = [NSException exceptionWithName: @"MLKOutOfMemoryException" reason: @"Out of memory" userInfo: nil]; [objcl_oom_exception retain]; #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ PyObjC_SetupRuntimeCompat (); #endif TRACE (@"Allocate locks."); #ifdef GNUSTEP objcl_current_exception_lock = [[GSLazyRecursiveLock alloc] init]; #else objcl_current_exception_lock = [[NSRecursiveLock alloc] init]; #endif TRACE (@"Allocate list dicts."); method_lists = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; method_list_lengths = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; TRACE (@"Allocate flag sets."); lisp_backed_classes = [[NSMutableSet alloc] init]; init_count = 1; TRACE (@"Runtime initialised."); } else init_count++; } static void release_unless_null (id *object) { if (*object != nil) { [*object release]; *object = nil; } } void objcl_shutdown_runtime (void) { init_count--; if (init_count == 0) { release_unless_null (&objcl_autorelease_pool); release_unless_null (&objcl_current_exception_lock); release_unless_null (&objcl_oom_exception); release_unless_null (&method_lists); release_unless_null (&method_list_lengths); release_unless_null (&lisp_backed_classes); } else if (init_count < 0) init_count = 0; } #ifdef USE_LIBFFI id objcl_invoke_with_types (int argc, Class superclass_for_send_super, char *return_typespec, char *arg_typespecs[], void *return_value, void **argv) { IMP method; int i; ffi_cif cif; ffi_type *return_type; ffi_type *arg_types[argc + 2]; ffi_status status; id receiver = *((id*)argv[0]); SEL method_selector = *((SEL*)argv[1]); static ffi_type *id_type = NULL; static ffi_type *sel_type = NULL; if (!id_type) id_type = objcl_pyobjc_arg_signature_to_ffi_type ("@"); if (!sel_type) sel_type = objcl_pyobjc_arg_signature_to_ffi_type (":"); NS_DURING { TRACE (@"invoke-with-types"); /* FIXME: The NeXT runtime wants to use special functions for structure and floating-point returns. Note that there is no objc_msgSendSuper_fpret. The reason is that objc_msgSendSuper will never be passed nil as the instance to call a method on, while using objc_msgSend_fpret is important only so that sending a message to nil may return a sane value. Which means that if we don't allow nil to be messaged, we probably don't need to bother with objc_msgSend_fpret, either. */ TRACE (@"get-method %s", objcl_selector_name (method_selector)); method = objcl_get_method_implementation (receiver, method_selector, superclass_for_send_super); TRACE (@"get-method => %p", method); if (method == NULL) [[NSException exceptionWithName: @"MLKNoApplicableMethod" reason: @"Tried to call a non-existent method." userInfo: nil] raise]; TRACE (@"return type"); return_type = objcl_pyobjc_signature_to_ffi_return_type (return_typespec); arg_types[0] = id_type; arg_types[1] = sel_type; TRACE (@"args"); for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) arg_types[i + 2] = objcl_pyobjc_arg_signature_to_ffi_type (arg_typespecs[i]); TRACE (@"prep"); status = ffi_prep_cif (&cif, FFI_DEFAULT_ABI, argc + 2, return_type, arg_types); if (status != FFI_OK) { [[NSException exceptionWithName: @"MLKInvalidFFITypeException" reason: @"FFI type is invalid (this is probably a bug)." userInfo: nil] raise]; } TRACE (@"call"); ffi_call (&cif, FFI_FN (method), return_value, argv); TRACE (@"..."); } NS_HANDLER { NS_VALUERETURN (localException, id); } NS_ENDHANDLER return nil; } #endif Class objcl_find_class (const char *class_name) { TRACE (@"find-class %s", class_name); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ return objc_getClass (class_name); #else return objc_lookup_class (class_name); #endif } Class objcl_find_meta_class (const char *class_name) { TRACE (@"find-meta-class %s", class_name); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ return objc_getMetaClass (class_name); #else /* FIXME: Is this correct? */ Class class = objcl_find_class (class_name); if (class == NULL || class == Nil) return Nil; else return class_get_meta_class (class); #endif } SEL objcl_find_selector (const char *selector_name) { #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ if (!(sel_isMapped ((SEL) selector_name))) /* XXX Does this work? */ return NULL; else return sel_getUid (selector_name); #else return sel_get_any_uid (selector_name); #endif } SEL objcl_intern_selector (const char *selector_name) { /* sel_registerName and sel_register_name seem not to be necessary here. */ #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ return sel_getUid (selector_name); #else return sel_get_uid (selector_name); #endif } const char * objcl_class_name (Class class) { const char *ns_name; TRACE (@"class-name"); TRACE (@" %p", class); ns_name = [(NSStringFromClass (class)) UTF8String]; TRACE (@" => %s", ns_name); return ns_name; } Class objcl_class_superclass (Class class) { TRACE (@"super-class"); TRACE (@" %@ (%p)", NSStringFromClass (class), class); /* Not strictly needed on the GNU runtime, but not going to hurt anyone either. */ if (class == [NSObject class]) { TRACE (@" => Nil"); return Nil; } #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ TRACE (@" => %@", NSStringFromClass (class_getSuperclass (class))); return class_getSuperclass (class); #else TRACE (@" => %@", NSStringFromClass (class_get_super_class (class))); return class_get_super_class (class); #endif } Class objcl_class_metaclass (Class class) { #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ return object_getClass (class); #else return class_get_meta_class (class); #endif } const char * objcl_selector_name (SEL selector) { const char *ns_name; ns_name = [(NSStringFromSelector (selector)) UTF8String]; return ns_name; } IMP objcl_get_method_implementation (id object, SEL selector, Class superclass_for_send_super) { /* If superclass_for_send_super == nil, this is just plain old method implementation hunting. If it isn't, though, we're trying to do a super call, which can get a bit hairy quickly. */ TRACE (@"method-impl %p %p", object, selector); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ Class target_class; /* struct objc_super super_struct; super_struct.receiver = object; super_struct.super_class = superclass_for_send_super; */ if (objcl_object_is_class (object)) { if (superclass_for_send_super == Nil) target_class = object; else target_class = superclass_for_send_super; return method_getImplementation (class_getClassMethod (target_class, selector)); } else { if (superclass_for_send_super == Nil) target_class = [object class]; else target_class = superclass_for_send_super; #ifdef __OBJC2__ return class_getMethodImplementation (target_class, selector); #else return method_getImplementation (class_getInstanceMethod (target_class, selector)); #endif } #else if (superclass_for_send_super == Nil) return objc_msg_lookup (object, selector); else { Super super_struct; super_struct.self = object; super_struct.class = superclass_for_send_super; return objc_msg_lookup_super (&super_struct, selector); } #endif } BOOL objcl_object_is_class (id obj) { TRACE (@"is-class %p", obj); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ return class_isMetaClass (object_getClass (obj)); #else /* return CLS_ISCLASS (obj); */ return object_is_class (obj); #endif } BOOL objcl_object_is_meta_class (id obj) { TRACE (@"is-meta-class %p", obj); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ return objcl_object_is_class (obj) && class_isMetaClass (obj); #else /* return CLS_ISMETA (ptr); */ if (objcl_object_is_class (obj)) return class_is_meta_class (obj); else return object_is_meta_class (obj); #endif } Class objcl_object_get_class (id obj) { TRACE (@"get-class %p", obj); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ return object_getClass (obj); #else return object_get_class (obj); #endif } Class objcl_object_get_meta_class (id obj) { TRACE (@"get-meta-class %p", obj); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ /* FIXME: What to do here? */ return objc_getMetaClass ([(NSStringFromClass ([obj class])) UTF8String]); #else if (objcl_object_is_class (obj)) return class_get_meta_class (obj); else return object_get_meta_class (obj); #endif } id objcl_get_nil (void) { return nil; } long objcl_get_yes (void) { if (sizeof (YES) > sizeof (long)) fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: objcl_get_yes: YES might not fit into a long.\n"); return YES; } long objcl_get_no (void) { if (sizeof (NO) > sizeof (long)) fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: objcl_get_no: NO might not fit into a long.\n"); return NO; } const char * objcl_get_runtime_type (void) { #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ return "NeXT"; #else return "GNU"; #endif } int objcl_objc2_p (void) { #ifdef __OBJC2__ return 1; #else return 0; #endif } long objcl_sizeof_type (const char *typespec) { if (sizeof (ssize_t) > sizeof (long)) fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: objcl_sizeof_typespec: Size might not fit into a long.\n"); return PyObjCRT_SizeOfType (typespec); } long objcl_sizeof_return_type (const char *typespec) { if (sizeof (ssize_t) > sizeof (long)) fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: objcl_sizeof_return_typespec: Size might not fit into a long.\n"); return PyObjCRT_SizeOfReturnType (typespec); } long objcl_alignof_type (const char *typespec) { if (sizeof (ssize_t) > sizeof (long)) fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: objcl_align_typespec: Alignment might not fit into a long.\n"); return PyObjCRT_AlignOfType (typespec); } void objcl_set_slot_value (id obj, const char *ivar_name, void *value) { /* For the GNU runtime, this function is defined in objc-runtime-gnu.m. */ object_setInstanceVariable (obj, ivar_name, value); } void objcl_get_slot_value (id obj, const char *ivar_name, void *value_out) { /* Caching Ivars may be useful here. Using those instead of strings is claimed to be faster. */ /* For the GNU runtime, this function is defined in objc-runtime-gnu.m. */ /* NOTE: Contrary to what the official Objective-C runtime docs claim, value_out is actually a (void *) rather than a (void **). Likewise, the result that is copied to value_out is the slot value itself, not a pointer to it. */ /* NOTE UPDATE: Actually, it's trickier than that. The docs for NeXTstep 3.3 say: ``These functions cannot reliably be used to set and get instance variables that are not pointers.'' This makes the behaviour and documentation a bit less confusing, because it means that value_out is, in fact, assigned a pointer to the value of the slot under the assumption that the slot itself references its value via a pointer. */ object_getInstanceVariable (obj, ivar_name, value_out); } void * objcl_get_slot (Class class, const char *ivar_name) { return class_getInstanceVariable (class, ivar_name); } long objcl_get_slot_offset (void *slot) { #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ return (ivar_getOffset ((Ivar) slot)); #else return ((Ivar_t) slot)->ivar_offset; #endif } IVAR_T * objcl_class_direct_slots (Class class, unsigned int *count, unsigned int *element_size) { IVAR_T *ivars; #ifndef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ int i; #endif TRACE (@"slots"); TRACE (@" %@ (%p)", NSStringFromClass (class), class); *element_size = sizeof (IVAR_T); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ ivars = class_copyIvarList (class, count); #else *count = (class->ivars ? class->ivars->ivar_count : 0); if (!*count) ivars = NULL; else { ivars = malloc ((*count) * (*element_size)); for (i = 0; i < *count; i++) ivars[i] = &class->ivars->ivar_list[i]; } #endif TRACE (@" => %d slots", *count); return ivars; } const char * objcl_slot_name (IVAR_T ivar) { TRACE (@"slot-name %p", ivar); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ TRACE (@" => %s", ivar_getName (ivar)); return ivar_getName (ivar); #else TRACE (@" => %s", ivar->ivar_name); return ivar->ivar_name; #endif } const char * objcl_slot_type (IVAR_T ivar) { TRACE (@"slot-type %p", ivar); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ TRACE (@" => %s", ivar_getTypeEncoding (ivar)); return ivar_getTypeEncoding (ivar); #else TRACE (@" => %s", ivar->ivar_type); return ivar->ivar_type; #endif } /* In order to be able to do exception propagation from Lisp code, we have the Lisp layer save exceptions to objcl_current_exception. Our wrapper function is then able to raise the exception from where it ought to be raised from: the Objective-C layer. Note that it is the Lisp layer's duty to wrap Objective-C exceptions around Lisp SERIOUS-CONDITIONs in order to propagate those. */ static void imp_closure (ffi_cif *cif, void *result, void **args, void *user_data) { id exception; TRACE (@"imp-closure"); TRACE (@" %p", args[0]); //TRACE (@" = %p", *((id*)args[0])); //TRACE (@" = (%@)", *((id*)args[0])); ffi_call (cif, user_data, result, args); exception = objcl_current_exception; objcl_current_exception = nil; objcl_release_lock (objcl_current_exception_lock); if (exception != nil) [exception raise]; TRACE (@"imp-closure => %"); } IMP objcl_create_imp (IMP callback, int argc, const char *return_typespec, const char *arg_typespecs[]) { ffi_type *return_type; ffi_type *arg_types[argc + 2]; ffi_status status; ffi_cif *cif; ffi_closure *closure; void *code; int i; static ffi_type *id_type = NULL; static ffi_type *sel_type = NULL; TRACE (@"create-imp"); if (!id_type) id_type = objcl_pyobjc_arg_signature_to_ffi_type ("@"); if (!sel_type) sel_type = objcl_pyobjc_arg_signature_to_ffi_type (":"); return_type = objcl_pyobjc_signature_to_ffi_return_type (return_typespec); arg_types[0] = id_type; arg_types[1] = sel_type; for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) arg_types[i + 2] = objcl_pyobjc_arg_signature_to_ffi_type (arg_typespecs[i]); #if DEBUG for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) { TRACE (@"%d. %s", i, arg_typespecs[i]); } #endif TRACE (@"create-imp: malloc"); cif = malloc (sizeof (ffi_cif)); /* never freed */ TRACE (@"create-imp: closure-alloc"); closure = ffi_closure_alloc (sizeof (ffi_closure), &code); /* never freed */ TRACE (@"create-imp: prep-cif"); status = ffi_prep_cif (cif, FFI_DEFAULT_ABI, argc + 2, return_type, arg_types); if (status != FFI_OK) { [[NSException exceptionWithName: @"MLKInvalidFFITypeException" reason: @"FFI type is invalid (this is probably a bug)." userInfo: nil] raise]; } TRACE (@"create-imp: prep-closure-loc"); status = ffi_prep_closure_loc (closure, cif, imp_closure, (void *)callback, code); if (status != FFI_OK) { [[NSException exceptionWithName: @"MLKClosureCreationFailure" reason: @"Creating an IMP closure failed (this is probably a bug)." userInfo: nil] raise]; } TRACE (@"create-imp: Closure created."); return (IMP) code; } void objcl_acquire_lock (id lock) { [lock lock]; TRACE (@"Lock %@ acquired.", lock); } void objcl_release_lock (id lock) { [lock unlock]; TRACE (@"Lock %@ released.", lock); } Class objcl_create_class (const char *class_name, Class superclass, int protocol_number, const char *protocol_names[], int ivar_number, const char *ivar_names[], const char *ivar_typespecs[]) { #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ int i; Class class; class = objc_allocateClassPair (superclass, class_name, 0); for (i = 0; i < ivar_number; i++) preclass_addIvar (class, ivar_names[i], objcl_sizeof_type (ivar_typespecs[i]), objcl_alignof_type (ivar_typespecs[i]), ivar_typespecs[i]); #ifdef __OBJC2__ /* FIXME: What to do for the NeXT Objective-C 1.0 and GNU runtimes here? */ for (i = 0; i < protocol_number; i++) preclass_addProtocol (class, objc_getProtocol ((char *) protocol_names[i]) /* ??? !__OBJC2__ ??? objc_getClass (protocol_names[i]) */ ); #endif return class; #else ffi_cif cif; ffi_status status; ffi_type *arg_types[3 + ivar_number*2]; void *argv[3 + ivar_number*2]; int i; BOOL return_value; const char *superclass_name; arg_types[0] = &ffi_type_pointer; arg_types[1] = &ffi_type_pointer; arg_types[2] = &ffi_type_sint; for (i = 0; i < ivar_number*2; i++) arg_types[3 + i] = &ffi_type_pointer; superclass_name = objcl_class_name (superclass); argv[0] = &class_name; argv[1] = &superclass_name; argv[2] = &ivar_number; for (i = 0; i < ivar_number; i++) { argv[3 + 2*i] = (void *) &ivar_names[i]; argv[3 + 2*i + 1] = (void *) &ivar_typespecs[i]; } TRACE (@"Arg 0: %s", *((char **) argv[0])); TRACE (@"Arg 1: %s", *((char **) argv[1])); TRACE (@"Arg 2: %d", *((int *) argv[2])); for (i = 3; i < 3 + 2*ivar_number; i++) { TRACE (@"Arg %d: %s", i, *((char **) argv[i])); } status = ffi_prep_cif (&cif, FFI_DEFAULT_ABI, ivar_number*2 + 3, &ffi_type_uchar, arg_types); if (status != FFI_OK) { [[NSException exceptionWithName: @"MLKInvalidFFITypeException" reason: @"FFI type is invalid (this is probably a bug)." userInfo: nil] raise]; } TRACE (@"ObjcUtilities_new_class"); ffi_call (&cif, FFI_FN (ObjcUtilities_new_class), &return_value, argv); TRACE (@"ObjcUtilities_new_class end"); NSString *ns_class_name = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: class_name]; [method_lists setObject: [NSValue valueWithPointer: nil] forKey: ns_class_name]; [method_list_lengths setObject: [NSNumber numberWithInt: 0] forKey: ns_class_name]; return objcl_find_class (class_name); #endif } void objcl_add_method (Class class, const char *class_name, SEL method_name, IMP callback, int argc, const char *return_typespec, const char *arg_typespecs[], const char *signature, int registered_p) { IMP imp; TRACE (@"add-method"); TRACE (@" %s", objcl_selector_name (method_name)); TRACE (@" %s (registered_p = %d)", class_name, registered_p); imp = objcl_create_imp (callback, argc, return_typespec, arg_typespecs); TRACE (@"add-method: IMP created."); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ if (registered_p) class_addMethod (class, method_name, imp, signature); else preclass_addMethod (class, method_name, imp, signature); #else struct ObjCLMethod **methods; int index; NSString *class_name_id = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: class_name]; TRACE (@"add-method: Finding class."); index = [[method_list_lengths objectForKey: class_name_id] intValue]; methods = [[method_lists objectForKey: class_name_id] pointerValue]; TRACE (@"add-method: malloc"); methods = realloc (methods, (index + 1) * sizeof (struct ObjCLMethod *)); methods[index] = malloc (sizeof (struct ObjCLMethod)); TRACE (@"add-method: Initialising method."); methods[index]->signature = malloc (strlen (signature) + 1); methods[index]->method_name = method_name; strcpy (methods[index]->signature, signature); methods[index]->imp = imp; TRACE (@"add-method: Adding method to dictionary."); [method_lists setObject: [NSValue valueWithPointer: methods] forKey: class_name_id]; [method_list_lengths setObject: [NSNumber numberWithInt: (index + 1)] forKey: class_name_id]; #endif TRACE (@"Method added."); } void objcl_finalise_class (Class class) { TRACE (@"finalise-class"); #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ if (!objcl_object_is_meta_class (class)) objc_registerClassPair (class); #else int i; int method_count; NSString *class_name; MethodList *method_list; struct ObjCLMethod **methods; class_name = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: objcl_class_name (class)]; methods = [[method_lists objectForKey: class_name] pointerValue]; TRACE (@"finalise-class: Adding methods."); if (methods) { method_count = [[method_list_lengths objectForKey: class_name] intValue]; method_list = ObjcUtilities_alloc_method_list (method_count); for (i = 0; i < method_count; i++) { TRACE (@"finalise-class: Inserting a method."); TRACE (@"finalise-class: %s", ObjcUtilities_build_runtime_Objc_signature (methods[i]->signature)); TRACE (@"finalise-class: IMP %p, SEL %s", methods[i]->imp, objcl_selector_name (methods[i]->method_name)); ObjcUtilities_insert_method_in_list (method_list, i, objcl_selector_name (methods[i]->method_name), ObjcUtilities_build_runtime_Objc_signature (methods[i]->signature), methods[i]->imp); free (methods[i]->signature); free (methods[i]); } free (methods); ObjcUtilities_register_method_list (class, method_list); } [method_lists removeObjectForKey: class_name]; [method_list_lengths removeObjectForKey: class_name]; #endif TRACE (@"Class finalised."); } int objcl_class_backed_by_lisp_class_p (Class class) { return [lisp_backed_classes containsObject: [NSValue valueWithPointer: class]]; } void objcl_class_set_backed_by_lisp_class (Class class, int backed_p) { if (backed_p) [lisp_backed_classes addObject: [NSValue valueWithPointer: class]]; else [lisp_backed_classes removeObject: [NSValue valueWithPointer: class]]; } int objcl_object_backed_by_lisp_class_p (id object) { return objcl_class_backed_by_lisp_class_p ([object class]); } int objcl_for_each_class_do (void (*function) (Class)) { #ifdef __NEXT_RUNTIME__ int class_num; class_num = objc_getClassList (NULL, 0); if (class_num) { int i; Class class_list[class_num]; objc_getClassList (class_list, class_num); for (i = 0; i < class_num; i++) { function (class_list[i]); } } #else /* In order to build a list of classes, we can use GSClassList(). */ void *iter = 0; Class class; while ((class = objc_next_class (&iter))) { function (class); }; #endif return 0; }